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Moulton plane : ウィキペディア英語版
Moulton plane

In incidence geometry, the Moulton plane is an example of an affine plane in which Desargues' theorem does not hold. It is named after the American astronomer Forest Ray Moulton. The points of the Moulton plane are simply the points in the real plane R2 and the lines are the regular lines as well with the exception that for lines with a negative slope, the slope doubles when they pass the ''y''-axis.
==Formal definition==
The Moulton plane is an incidence structure \mathfrak M=\langle P, G,\textrm I\rangle, where P denotes the set of points, G the set of lines and \textrm I the incidence relation "lies on":
: P:=\mathbb R^2 \,
: G:=(\mathbb R \cup \) \times \mathbb R,
\infty is just a formal symbol for an element \not\in\mathbb R. It is used to describe vertical lines, which you may think of as lines with an infinitely large slope.
The incidence relation is defined as follows:
For p = (x, y) \in P and g = (m, b) \in G we have
:
p\,\textrm I\,g\iff\begin
x=b&\textm=\infty\\
y=\fracmx+b&\textm\leq 0, x\leq 0\\
y=mx+b&\textm\geq 0 \text x\geq 0.
\end


抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)
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